By Dr. Priya Shikha Modi, MBBS, MS, DNB (gynecology and obstetrics), FMAS (Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery)

What is abnormal menstrual bleeding?

Abnormal menstrual bleeding is any bleeding from the uterus that is not part of a regular menstrual cycle. It can occur at any age, but it is more common in women who are approaching menopause or who have hormonal imbalances. Abnormal menstrual bleeding can have various causes and can affect a woman’s quality of life, fertility, and health.

What are the causes of abnormal menstrual bleeding?

Abnormal menstrual bleeding can have many possible causes, such as:

• Hormonal imbalances, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, or perimenopause.
• Structural problems, such as fibroids, polyps, adenomyosis, or endometriosis.
• Infections, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or endometritis.
• Medications, such as birth control pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), blood thinners, or hormone therapy.
• Other conditions, such as bleeding disorders, liver disease, kidney disease, or cancer.

What are the symptoms of abnormal menstrual bleeding?

Abnormal menstrual bleeding can have different symptoms, depending on the cause and severity. Some common symptoms are:

• Bleeding between periods or after sex.
• Bleeding that lasts longer than seven days or is heavier than normal.
• Bleeding that requires changing pads or tampons more than every two hours.
• Bleeding that causes anemia, fatigue, dizziness, or shortness of breath.
• Bleeding that interferes with daily activities, work, or social life.
• Bleeding that is accompanied by pain, cramps, fever, or discharge.

How is abnormal menstrual bleeding diagnosed?

To diagnose the cause of abnormal menstrual bleeding, a doctor will ask about the patient’s medical history, menstrual cycle, sexual activity, and medications. The doctor will also perform a physical exam, including a pelvic exam, to check for any signs of infection, inflammation, or abnormal growths. The doctor may also order some tests, such as:

• Blood tests, to check for hormonal levels, blood count, clotting factors, or infections.
• Urinalysis, to check for kidney function, pregnancy, or STIs.
• Pap smear, to check for cervical cancer or precancerous changes.
• Ultrasound, to check for fibroids, polyps, or ovarian cysts.
• Endometrial biopsy, to check for endometrial cancer or hyperplasia.
• Hysteroscopy, to check for intrauterine abnormalities or remove polyps or fibroids.
• Dilation and curettage (D&C), to check for endometrial cancer or hyperplasia or remove abnormal tissue.

Abnormal menstrual bleeding can be a sign of a serious condition or a minor problem that can be easily treated. If you experience any abnormal bleeding, you should consult your doctor as soon as possible. Dr. Priya Shikha Modi who specializes in treating women with abnormal menstrual bleeding and other gynecological issues. She can provide you with a personalized diagnosis and treatment plan that suits your needs and goals. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Priya Shikha Modi, please call 8368084827 or visit Modilifeline.com.